For centuries, Stoicism was the unofficial religion of the Roman world.
The stress on endurance, self-restraint, and power of the will to withstand calamity can often seem cold-hearted. It is Epictetus, a lame former slave exiled by Emperor Domitian, who offers the most precise and humane version of Stoic ideals. The Discourses, assembled by his pupil Arrian, catch him in action, publicly setting out his views on ethical dilemmas.
Enchiridion, or Manual, is a distillation of his teachings and an essential manual for those seeking contentment.
Committed to communicating with the broadest possible audience, Epictetus uses humour, imagery conversations and homely comparisons to put his message across. The results are perfect universal justice and calm indifference in the face of pain.